ABSTRACT
In the present contribution we compared the entomological succession pattern of a burned carcass with that of an unburned one. For that, we used domestic pig carcasses and focused on Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae flies, because they are the ones most commonly used in Postmortem Interval estimates. Adult and immature flies were collected daily. A total of 27 species and 2,498 specimens were collected, 1,295 specimens of 26 species from the partially burned carcass and 1,203 specimens of 22 species from the control carcass (unburned). The species composition in the two samples differed, and the results of the similarity measures were 0.875 by Sorensen and 0.756 by Bray-Curtis index. The results obtained for both carcasses also differ with respect to the decomposition process, indicating that the post mortem interval would be underestimated if the entomological succession pattern observed for a carcass under normal conditions was applied to a carbonized carcass.
Nesta contribuição, nós comparamos o padrão de sucessão entomológica de uma carcaça carbonizada com outra não carbonizada. Para tal, nós usamos carcaças de porcos domésticos e focamos nos dípteros Calliphoridae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae, por estes serem os grupos de insetos mais comumente usados na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte. Moscas adultas e seus imaturos foram coletados diariamente. Um total de 27 espécies e 2.498 espécimes foi coletado, 1.295 espécimes de 26 espécies na carcaça parcialmente carbonizada e 1.203 espécimes de 22 espécies na carcaça controle (não carbonizada). A composição específica das duas amostras foi diferente e os cálculos de similaridade resultantes foram 0,875 pelo índice de Sorensen e 0,756 pelo índice de Bray-Curtis. Os resultados obtidos para ambas as carcaças também diferiram em relação ao processo de decomposição, indicando que o intervalo pós-morte poderia ser subestimado se o padrão de sucessão entomológica observado na decomposição de uma carcaça sob condições normais fosse aplicado a uma carcaça carbonizada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Diptera/physiology , Sus scrofa/parasitology , Brazil , Diptera/classification , Muscidae/classification , Muscidae/physiology , Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Recently, populations of flies have increased in numbers given the elevated levels of organic matter waste produced by anthropic activities and domestication of animals. Such increase represents a worldwide health concern, since flies can be vectors of human diseases. The great variety of feeding and developmental habits of flies of the family Sarcophagidae taking place on animal corpses, feces and decomposed organic matter make them potential vectors of pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the synanthropic index (SI), as well as other ecological aspects of this family, through simultaneous monthly samplings in three areas with different degrees of human disturbance (urban, rural and forest). Each area had four van Someren Rydon traps, each one with a different bait (i.e., human feces, chicken viscera, fish and decomposing onion). Traps were active during 48 hours each month, and specimen collection was made every 12 hours. A total of 7 446 Sarcophagidae individuals were collected (1 275 males and 6 171 females), belonging to 27 species and nine genera. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (SI=+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (SI=+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (SI=+90.00) and Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (SI=+88.76) exhibited the highest values of synanthropy index, revealing a strong preference for human settlements. The most abundant species were Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) and Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), all of which exhibited preference for urban environments. Additionally, we are reporting seven new records of Sarcophagid flies for Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.
La población de moscas se ha visto incrementada recientemente por la proliferación de residuos de materia orgánica proveniente de la actividad antrópica, así como por la domesticación de animales. Este aumento constituye una gran alerta de salud a nivel mundial, ya que algunas moscas son vectores de enfermedades al humano. Los Sarcophagidae cuentan con una gran variedad de hábitos de alimentación y desarrollo, los cuales tienen lugar en cadáveres de animales, excrementos y materia orgánica en descomposición; haciéndolos posibles vectores de patógenos. En este estudio se evaluó el índice de sinantropía, al igual que otros aspectos ecológicos de esta familia median- te muestreos mensuales simultáneos en tres zonas (urbana, rural y bosque), usando trampas van Someren Rydon ceba- das con excremento humano, vísceras de pollo, pescado y cebolla en descomposición. En cada zona se instalaron cuatro trampas (una por atrayente), durante 48 horas cada mes, realizando recolectas cada 12 horas. Se recolectaron 7 446 individuos de Sarcophagidae (1 275 machos y 6 171 hembras), de 27 especies y nueve géneros. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (+90.00) y Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (+88.76) presentaron los índices de sinantropía más altos del estudio, lo que refleja una fuerte preferencia por asentamientos humanos. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) y Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), todas exhibiendo preferencia por ambientes urbanizados. Se reportan siete nuevos registros para Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata y Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Biodiversity , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/physiology , Colombia , Habits , TreesABSTRACT
Esta revisão apresenta um estudo da morfologia externa das espécies de Tapacura Tibana & Lopes 1985, especialmente da terminália masculina. Tapacura inclui atualmente duas espécies: T. mariarum Tibana & Lopes, 1985 e T. mexicana Lopes, 1988, que foram relacionados a Peckiamyia Dodge, Retrocitomyia Lopes e a Sinopiella Lopes & Tibana na descrição original. São apresentadas redescrições, ilustrações e uma diagnose genérica mais ampla. Uma comparação entre as espécies de Tapacura e aquelas dos gêneros relacionados tem mostrado que Tapacura é mais similar morfologicamente a Peckiamyia, especialmente porque ambos têm o 3º setor costal da asa com pequenas cerdas ventrais, o fêmur médio do macho sem ctenídio e o edeago muito reduzido e pigmentado.
This revision presents a study on external morphology of the species of Tapacura Tibana & Lopes 1985, especially of the male terminalia. Tapacura includes presently two species: T. mariarum Tibana & Lopes, 1985 and T. mexicana Lopes, 1988, which were related to Peckiamyia Dodge, Retrocitomyia Lopes and Sinopiella Lopes & Tibana in the original description. Redescriptions, illustrations and a broadest generic diagnosis are presented. A comparison between the Tapacura species and those of the related genera has showed that Tapacura is more morphologically similar to Peckiamyia, especially because both have the third costal section of the wing with ventral setulae, male mid femur without ctenidium and a very reduced and pigmented aedeago.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sarcophagidae/anatomy & histology , Sarcophagidae/classificationABSTRACT
A key is given for the identification of females of all Holarctic species included into this genus, and keys are provided for distinguishing third instar larvae and puparia of two Palaeartic species. In addition to these, the description of the A. monachae (Kr.) female has been expanded.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/growth & development , Sarcophagidae/geneticsABSTRACT
The male of Farrimyia lopesi, a new species from Maracaí island, Uraricoera river, Roraima, Brazil is described and illustrated.
Subject(s)
Diptera/classification , Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/genetics , Phylogeny , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Systematic position of seventeen species under nine genera are reported here. Sinonipponia smarti is described as new species. Lioproctia (Coonoria) pattoni (Senior-White) is redescribed and figured.
Subject(s)
Diptera/genetics , Sarcophagidae/classification , IndiaABSTRACT
Boettcheria solo sp. n. from the Dominican Republic is described and it is argued that its most probable sister group is B. parkeri Aldrich, 1916 from Jamaica. Boettcheria Parker, 1914 is briefly diagnosed and a list of included species is provided.
Subject(s)
Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/genetics , Species Specificity , Dominican RepublicABSTRACT
Male and female of Punaphyto lopesi, a new species from Equador are described and illustrated.
Subject(s)
Sarcophagidae/classification , Sarcophagidae/genetics , Phylogeny , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Prof. Dr. Hugo de Souza Lopes is one of the authors of the phylogenetic classification of Sarcophagidae, especially Sarcophaginae. In this paper I present the taxonomic key of the tribes of Sarcophaginae according to his opinion; a list of the 48 genera and subgenera and the 356 species described by Prof. Lopes; and a review of subtribal construction of tribe Sarcophagini with a key of the subtribes. One new subtribe Boettcheriiscina Verves, subtr. nov. and two new monotypic genera (Mufindia Verves, gen. nov., and Sabiella Verves, gen. nov.) are described. The role of Prof. Lopes in the knowledge of taxonomy and ecology of American, Oriental, Australian and Oceanic Sarcophagidae is illumined.